High-resolution satellite observation data TRMM and AIRS are used to analyze the effect of mesoscale mountains on vertical structure and horizontal distribution of different types of rainfall during the Asian summer monsoon region from the perspective of climatological rainfall microphysical processes. It was found that the stratiform precipitation is the predominant rainfall type on both the windward and leeward sides of mesoscale mountains, and the rainfall on the windward side is stronger than that on the other side. In the meanwhile, the convective precipitation is mainly shallow convective precipitation on the windward side and deep convective precipitation on the leeward side, and the leeward rainfall is stronger. The results also demonstrate that along the direction followed by the southwest monsoon, the discrepancies of rainfall pixel numbers and microphysical processes between both the sides of mesoscale mountains reduce gradually. During the whole process, the convective precipitation changes from the windward side to the leeward side distincty, the stratiform precipitation is just the opposite. Also, atmospheric stability corresponds well to the convective precipitation on both the sides. In addition, this research on mesoscale orographic precipitation can provide a robust basis for the simulation of high-resolution terrain rainfall in regional climate models.