双月刊

ISSN 1006-9895

CN 11-1768/O4

台风“山竹”外围强龙卷的结构和机理分析
作者:
作者单位:

1.南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心;2.中国科学院大气物理研究所;3.上海市气象灾害防御技术中心(上海市防雷中心);4.佛山市气象局龙卷风研究中心;5.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海);6.浙江大学地球科学学院

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基金项目:

广东省科技项目2019B020208015,国家重点研发计划2019YFC1510400,国家自然科学基金41930967、41975054


Structure and mechanism analysis of the tornado at the periphery of typhoon Mangkhut
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Foshan Meteorological Bureau Tornado Research Center;3.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology;4.School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University

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    摘要:

    本文利用再分析资料和中尺度数值模式WRFV3.6.1,对2018年9月17日上午发生在佛山市三水区的EF2级强龙卷过程开展49m分辨率数值模拟,利用模式数据,分析龙卷超级单体和低层类龙卷涡旋(Tornado-Like Vortex, TLV)的结构特征,并通过涡度方程诊断TLV的动力成因,结果表明:龙卷由台风“山竹”外围螺旋雨带内的超级单体产生,该单体具有钩状回波、入流缺口、有界弱回波、悬垂回波等典型特征,水成物图上可见上冲云顶、云砧和后部云墙;单体内垂直环流由中部上升气流(Updraft, UD)、前部下沉气流(Front Flank Downdraft, FFD)和后部下沉气流(Rear Flank Downdraft, RFD)构成;TLV发生在低层UD和RFD之间,成熟期具有内部下沉、外部上升的结构;涡度方程的诊断分析表明,发展阶段扭转项对TLV的加强上传更为关键,成熟阶段拉伸项主导了TLV强度和形态的变化。

    Abstract:

    Using the reanalysis data and WRFV3.6.1 model, the EF2-level tornado process which occurred in Sanshui District, Foshan City on the morning of 17 September 2018 was simulated at a 49m resolution in this paper. The structure of tornadic supercell and low-layer tornado-like vortex (TLV) are analyzed Using the mode data. Shearing wind helicity is introduced to diagnose the dynamic reasons for the formation of TLV. The results show that the tornado was produced by a supercell in the spiral rainband of typhoon Mangkhut. The supercell had the typical characteristics, such as hook echo, inflow notch, bounded weak echo region, and overhanging echo. The overshooting top, anvil and wall cloud can be seen on the vertical cross section of hydrometeor mixing ratio; The vertical circulation in the supercell is formed by updraft (UD) , front flank downdraft (FFD) and rear flank downdraft (RFD); TLV occurred between the low-level UD and RFD; The inside sank while the outside rose during the mature period of TLV; The diagnosis of the vertical vorticity equation indicates that the torsion term was more critical to the strengthening and upward spread of TLV during the developing period, while the stretching term dominated the changes in TLV during its mature period.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-16
  • 最后修改日期:2022-05-18
  • 录用日期:2022-10-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-10-12
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