双月刊

ISSN 1006-9895

CN 11-1768/O4

海河流域盛夏降水预测模型的研发和适用性分析
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国家气候中心

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基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC1506006,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2015CB453203,国家自然科学基金项目41575074,中国气象局创新专项(CXFZ2022J009)


Development and application of mid-summer precipitation prediction model over Haihe River Basin
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National Climate Centre

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    摘要:

    海河流域6月和7-8月的降水有显著的年代际变化差异,尤其在2002年之后,海河流域6月和7-8月的年代际变化特征相反,因此有必要分别建立预测模型。本文基于年际增量的思想,寻找影响海河流域盛夏降水异常的预测因子,以突出年际变化异常的影响信号。前冬欧亚中高纬度关键区域海平面气压指数、6月热带中东太平洋海温Nino3指数以及表征ENSO演变速度的Nino3指数在6月与1月之差的年际增量作为三个关键预测因子,建立回归方程。进一步利用多模式的2022年6月Nino3指数的预报结果代入预测模型,对海河流域2022年盛夏降水进行预报试验。相对各动力气候模式3月起报的盛夏降水预测异常,基于年际增量的回归模型对海河流域盛夏降水拟合和回报的准确率更高,尤其是降水显著偏多年份,预测技巧更突出。进一步对预报偏差较大的年份复盘归因发现,前冬海平面气压指数对冬季风和夏季风转换关系的描述可能受到后期春夏热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常演变的干扰。当前冬海平面指数预示的后期海温演变与实际海温演变信号差异较大时,需关注动力模式对临近热带海温尤其是热带西印度洋海表温度距平的预报以及海温变化对海河流域盛夏降水的可能影响。

    Abstract:

    There is a significant difference in the decadal variation between June and July-August precipitation over Haihe River Basin, especially after 2002, the decadal variation characteristics of June and July-August precipitation over Haihe River Basin are opposite, so it is necessary to establish prediction models respectively. Based on the idea of year-to-year increment, several important factors related to annual increment of mid-summer rainfall over Haihe are selected through correlation analysis. Sea level pressure index (SLPI) of key areas in middle and high latitudes of Europe and Asia in the previous winter, Nino3 index in June and the difference between June and January of Nino3 index as ENSO evolution speed are used as key factors to establish the multivariate linear regression equation. Then forecast experiment of mid-summer precipitation over Haihe Basin in 2022 is conducted based on the predicted Nino3 index in June by models. The comparison between year-to-year increment model and climate model results initialed in March show that year-to-year increment has high prediction skill especially in flooding years. Then the failure hindcast case is carefully studied through the contribution of each predictor. The main factor is SLPI which reveals the relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and summer monsoon. The relationship is strongly relied on the following tropical Pacific and Indian sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) evolution. Nevertheless the tropical SSTA especially in western Indian during June exhibit unique feature may disturb the contribution of SLPI. It suggests that the nearly prediction of SSTa in key area highly associated with Haihe late summer rainfall should be paid attention.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-11
  • 最后修改日期:2022-10-08
  • 录用日期:2022-12-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-01-06
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