The Hengduan Mountains situated in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is in the conjunction area of the south Asia monsoon and southeast Asia monsoon, and it is also the heating area and sensitive area of the atmospheric change. It is of great importance for the understanding of the key processes of the atmospheric water resource in the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects and its parameterization schemes of the interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere on the water and energy exchange processes in this region. It is introduced about the land-atmospheric filed experiments developed in this area based on the continuous eddy covariance measurements. It is also analyzed about the patterns of the exchange process between the wetland/ lake/ grassland surfaces and the atmosphere in Erhai lake, Lijiang alpine grassland and Tengchong Beihai wetland land surface process observation sites. In addition, the characteristics of local circulation simulated with numerical models are also investigated in complex mountainous areas. The characteristics of land-atmosphere surface exchange process and their influencing factors for different types in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains have been preliminarily identified and revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: the carbon and water exchange processes in alpine meadows in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau are significantly influenced by precipitation distribution. In addition to meteorological factors, the carbon and water exchange in "floating blanket" wetlands with grass floating on the surface like blanket for whole year is also affected by changes in underlying surface vegetation and water proportion. The influencing factors of carbon and water exchange processes in different types of ecosystems vary at different time scales. Wind speed is always a key factor influencing latent heat and CO2 exchange in lakes, while precipitation also has a significant impact on CO2 flux in lakes at longer time scales. Furthermore, the complex terrain in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau has a significant impact on the ecosystem carbon and water exchange processes. Different types of local circulations generated by complex terrain have different effects on the carbon and water exchange processes of ecosystems