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ISSN 1006-9895

CN 11-1768/O4

FGOALS模式对梅雨期东亚副热带西风急流变化特征的模拟
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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2015CB453200,国家自然科学基金资助项目41205063、91337110和41475084,中国气象局气候变化专项CCSF201411,中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项CMAHX20160404,淮河流域气象开放科研基金项目HRM201605,江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目


FGOALS Model Simulation of Variation of East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet during Meiyu Period
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    摘要:

    中国科学院大气物理研究所参与CMIP5项目的海—陆—气耦合气候系统模式(FGOALS),能较好地模拟东亚副热带西风急流时空变化特征。FGOALS模式输出的1960~2005年风场再现了梅雨期东亚副热带西风急流气候态的三维结构,模拟出以120°E为界的急流海陆分布型,与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料风场空间分布一致,但FGOALS模式模拟的急流中心强度偏弱、位置偏北偏西。FGOALS模式也模拟出了ENSO年际演变过程中的海陆空间分布型,但对ENSO背景下西风急流强度、位置和形态演变过程的模拟与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料存在较大差异。基于热成风原理、地转风关系和波活动通量等研究了模式模拟急流位置和强度偏差产生的可能原因:FGOALS模式模拟的青藏高原加热效应偏弱、低纬度对流活动偏弱,导致对流层中上层上升运动偏弱和潜热加热减弱,使得中低纬度对流层中上层温度出现冷偏差、南亚高压偏弱,温度经向梯度和南亚高压北侧气压梯度力偏弱以及大气内部动力作用偏弱,从而造成急流中心强度和位置出现偏差。梅雨期西风急流空间分布型与长江中下游强降水落区有着密切联系,FGOALS模式模拟的西风急流中心强度偏弱和位置偏北偏西,模式输出的长江中下游地区降水量与观测值相比偏少。此外,FGOALS模式对ENSO背景下大气环流异常的模拟有待改善。

    Abstract:

    Based on the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) coordinated experiments results simulated by the IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model (FGOALS), the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet (EASWJ) could be well captured. In particular, the land and sea patterns of the EASWJ divided by the borderline of 120°E were also well reproduced. Compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, some biases in the intensity and position of the EASWJ simulated by the FGOALS model during the Meiyu period were found. FGOALS could reproduce the characteristic morphological changes in the EASWJ over the Northwest Pacific during the period of ENSO evolution, but the simulated intensity and characteristic eastward extension of the EASWJ in El Niño years and its westward shrinkage in La Niña">La Niña years were different to that of observations. According to the thermal wind principle, geostrophic wind relationship and wave activity flux, and so on, possible reasons for the simulated biases were investigated. The simulated Tibetan Plateau heating effect decreased and the convection in the low latitudes weakened, which led to decreases in ascending motion in the middle and upper troposphere and less latent heating. As a result, anomalously cooling occurred at the middle and upper troposphere and the South Asia High (SAH) weakened. The meridional temperature gradient, the pressure gradient force on the northern side of the SAH, and the atmospheric internal dynamic effects all became anomalously weak, resulting in the deviation of the intensity and location of the EASWJ. The position and intensity of the EASWJ during the Meiyu period are closely associated with the spatial distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The position of the simulated EASWJ was obviously more northward and westward and its intensity was weaker than observation. This explained why the simulated Meiyu precipitation amount became less, especially in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In addition, the atmospheric circulation anomalies simulated by the FGOALS model in the years of ENSO need to be improved.

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杜银,包庆,谢志清. FGOALS模式对梅雨期东亚副热带西风急流变化特征的模拟.大气科学,2017,41(3):603~617 DU Yin, BAO Qing, XIE Zhiqing. FGOALS Model Simulation of Variation of East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet during Meiyu Period. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2017,41(3):603~617

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-26
  • 最后修改日期:2016-08-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-05-12
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