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ISSN 1006-9895

CN 11-1768/O4

降雨型滑坡的集合预报模型及其初步应用的试验研究
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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2013CB430106,国家自然科学基金项目41375108


An Ensemble Prediction Model for Rainfall-Induced Landslides and Its Preliminary Application
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    摘要:

    滑坡的实时预警系统GRAPES-Landslide是将数值天气预报模式GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)与滑坡预测模型TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slopestability)进行单向耦合建立起来的动力数值预报预警系统。由于滑坡预测模型TRIGRS中的关键水土参数具有空间分布很不均的特性,很难获取准确的数据加以描述,使得滑坡事件的激发、预测存在很大的不确定性,同时数值天气预报模式本身具有不确定性,因而用于诱发滑坡灾害的估测降水存在不确定性,进而使得滑坡的预报存在偏差。本研究基于预测降水和水土参数分布不确定性的考虑,提出了GRAPES-Landslide滑坡集合预报模型。滑坡集合预报模型中有5个不同的预报降水成员,分别是(1) GRAPES_MESO业务模式、(2)"暖-潜热加热纳近方法、(3)基于九点平滑滤波的"暖-潜热加热纳近"方法、(4)对(1)~(3)的降水成员进行简单平均、(5)对(1)~(3)的降水成员进行概率匹配的集合。根据水土参数呈正态分布的特点,通过Monte-Carlo方法随机生成100组扰动参数值。将5个预报降水与100组扰动水土参数结合,组成GRAPES-Landslide滑坡集合预报模型。选择2013年7月18日00时到7月19日12时(协调世界时)福建省"西马仑"台风降雨引发闽三角地区发生大量滑坡灾害为例,进行实际预报试验。初步研究结果表明本文建立的GRAPES-Landslide滑坡集合预报系统所预测的滑坡频发区与观测区域有很好的吻合度,与目前的滑坡业务预报结果相比有明显改进,落区更精细化。因此,GRAPES-Landslide滑坡集合预报系统综合考虑了降水预报的不确定性和非均匀分布的水土参数的不确定性,为区域滑坡预测提供了一种新的可能方法。

    Abstract:

    The rainfall-triggered landslide disaster early warning model GRAPES-Landslide is a physical deterministic model that couples the GRAPES model (Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) and the TRIGRS model (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability). The input parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle, used in the TRIGRS model have been identified as a major source of uncertainty, because of their spatial variability. Such uncertainty of numerical weather prediction also has an impact on landslide forecasting. The authors propose an ensemble GRAPES-Landslide model for landslide prediction, taking into consideration the uncertainty of the input parameters and rainfall prediction. There are five rainfall predicting members in the ensemble model including the GRAPES model, the warm latent heat nudging method, the warm latent heat nudging method with a nine-point moving average filter, the simple averaging method of the first three members, and the averaging method of the probability matching of the first three members. Using the cumulative distribution for each random variable and a random number generator, 100 sets of parameter values were randomly generated. The ensemble model was applied to forecast the landslide occurrences in Min-San-Jiao, Fujian Province, during a typhoon rainfall process in 2013. Results showed that the observed landslide areas were located in the high risk areas. Compared with the operational landslide forecasting, the prediction result of the ensemble GRAPES-Landslide model was more accurate. The ensemble GRAPES-Landslide model provides a new probability prediction method for landslides.

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陈悦丽,陈德辉,李泽椿,吴亚丽,黄俊宝.降雨型滑坡的集合预报模型及其初步应用的试验研究.大气科学,2016,40(3):515~527 CHEN Yueli, CHEN Dehui, LI Zechun, WU Yali, HUANG Junbao. An Ensemble Prediction Model for Rainfall-Induced Landslides and Its Preliminary Application. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2016,40(3):515~527

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  • 收稿日期:2015-01-29
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-05-11
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