In this paper, a convective precipitation in the southwest of Hebei Province on May 22, 2017 is simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (Version4.3). By applying the satellite observed vertical profile of aerosol extinction coefficient in the model, this study quantifies the threshold values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) on affecting the precipitation rates by the aerosol radiative effect (ARE). The linkage of latent heating of microphysical processes and total advective heating to the radiative heating is discussed. The influences of ARE on temperature, moisture, relative humidity, and the thermodynamical conditions are analyzed. The results show that: (1) when AOD increases from 0.1 to 1.5, the influence of ARE on the peak precipitation rates increases and then decreases and the influence is the largest when AOD equals to 1.0. In contrast, the effect of ARE on the cumulative precipitation rates decreases and then increases, and the inhibition effect is the weakest when AOD equals to 1.0; (2) The change of radiative heating caused by ARE is accompanied by significant changes of latent heating rate of microphysical processes and total advective heating rate. The change of total heating rate is mainly determined by the latter two; (3) ARE enhances the vertical updraft in the mature stage of the convection, which is conducive to stronger convection and precipitation.