Using the 1998-2018 NCEP/NCAR global analysis data, atmospheric observation data, and the Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) and shear line yearbooks, a comparative analysis was conducted on the structural characteristics of high-impact eastward moving plateau vortices with quasi-straight long (QSLTPVs ) and short paths (QSSTPVs ) adopting synthetic method. The relationship between the intensity and structure of long and short path vortices was further discussed, thereby indicating that the evolution of long and short path vortices is to some extent determined by the structure of the low vortex itself. The results show that the long and short path vortices have the same structural characteristics, namely, the off-center vortex circulation vertical structure, the coincidence of the center of the low vortex and the positive vorticity center before its departure from the Tibetan Plateau, and the consistent trend of the vortex variation of the low vortex in different activity stages, and the upward motion mainly occurs in the south wind area east of the TPV vertical axis. The differences in the structural characteristics of long and short path vortices are clearly manifested during strengthening stage. The positive vorticity column and upward motion column associated with the long path vortex are stronger than those of the short path vortex. The positive vorticity column associated with the long path vortex tilts northward and has a symmetrical distribution compared to the short path vortex. The convective intensity of positive vorticity coming into the vortex area of the long path vortex is stronger than that of the short path vortex. The transfer of high-altitude westerly momentum of the long path vortex is more evident than that of the short path vortex. The center of south wind associated with the long path vortex is further to the east than that of the short path vortex. The intersection of east and west winds of the long path vortex is further to the south and stronger than that of the short path vortex. The positive vorticity advection center overlying the vortex area of the long path vortex is lower when it departure from the Tibetan Plateau and lasts longer, deviating to the east of the TPV, while the short path vortex is on the opposite side. These differences indicate that the long path vortex has a dynamic mechanism that is conducive to the long-term eastward movement of the TPV.