ISSN 1006-9895

CN 11-1768/O4

Analysis of vertical characteristics of a transitional snow event based on weather radars in Fujian
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Institude of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

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    Abstract:

    A transitional snow event occurred in Fujian Province on 19 to 23 February 2022 and was characterized by the co-existence of warm layer in the middle troposphere and cold layer in the lower troposphere. Multiple precipitation types occurred on the ground including rain, snow and wet snow, etc., increasing the difficulty of forecasting. Based on data from weather radars and other sources, , a classification method of precipitation types is firstly used to identify the time periods of snow and wet snow at each weather station, on this basis, the influence of environmental temperature evolution on transitional snow event as well as the vertical characteristics of transitional snow event are investigated by analyzing synoptic circulation and vertical features of radar variables. The results show: (1) the transition between snow and wet snow could be clearly distinguished according to the characteristics of VPR and environmental temperature information in areas that topography and surface temperature are uniformly distributed, that is, VPR monotonously increases with decreasing height during snow stage, while a significant bright band presents in the middle layer of VPR during wet snow stage. Great emphasis should be put on the capability of weather radars in observing precipitation in the lower level. If radar variables could not capture the change of precipitation characteristics caused by the difference of temperature in the near-surface layer due to the limitation of observation environment, the precipitation types on the ground could be markedly different even though the VPR features resemble each other in higher layer. (2) the vertical characteristics of polarimetric radar variables indicate that, the growth mechanism of hydrometeors in the upper layer and above melting layer is similar to general dry snow events, the major differences of transitional snow events are the complicated melting and refreezing processes of particles caused by the warm layer and cold layer. A bright band signature displays when hydrometeors falling through warm layer, then melted particles are fully or partially frozen reaching the ground as snow or wet snow, depending on the intensity of cold layer beneath warm layer and temperature at surface. The vertical features of radar variables (e.g. the change of intensity of bright band) could timely reflect the change of environmental temperature, which is conductive to distinguish precipitation types and could make up for the inaccurate forecasting of numerical model and the absence of atmospheric profiles to some extent.

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History
  • Received:April 17,2023
  • Revised:June 02,2023
  • Adopted:August 21,2023
  • Online: August 31,2023
  • Published: