In order to study the vertical structure of precipitation in the northeast cold vortex cloud system further, this paper analyzes the microphysical characteristics of the three northeast cold vortex rainfall weather processes in Fumeng County since 2020 by using the micro-rain radar and laser raindrop spectrometer deployed in the national ground observation station of Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Liaoning Province. The results show:in the cases dominated by stable precipitation of Stratus clouds, the raindrop spectra measured by the micro rain radar and the raindrop spectrometer have a good consistency, while in the cases with more convective precipitation. The average raindrop spectrum observed by the micro rain radar and the raindrop spectrometer only shows good consistency in the medium particle segment (1-2.5mm); in the stratus precipitation stage, the smaller ice crystal particles begin to melt faster through the 0℃ layer, and the small cloud droplets accumulate below the 0℃ layer, and several concentrations of extreme values appear, below the extreme value, the larger ice crystal particles experience a longer melting distance and become larger raindrops, at the same time, the accumulation of small cloud drops further promotes the collection and collision effect of large cloud droplets, which is conducive to the formation of large raindrops, and a spectral width extreme value appears below the zero degree layer, which is manifested as a vertical raindrop spectrum "Bulge", "Bulge" occurs within 2-3 minutes from the onset to the fall. The "bulge" can be seen as the intuitive performance of the bright band promoting precipitation in the stratus precipitation stage, but whether this promotion of precipitation can bring a significant increase in rainfall intensity on the ground depends on the water vapor content in the near-ground atmosphere, which is manifested in western Liaoning, in dry spring, the relative humidity of the atmosphere is low, and the bright band does not help the broadening of the raindrop spectrum on the ground, but in the summer when the water vapor is relatively abundant, the downward movement of the "Bulge" to a certain extent leads to the widening of the near-ground raindrop spectrum and the increase of rain intensity; Compared with other regions, the precipitation concentration in western Liaoning is small, but the average concentration of stratus precipitation and convective precipitation is not much different, and the difference in mass-weighted diameter leads to the difference in rain intensity.