The raindrop spectrum, as a high-frequency observation data that directly describes the characteristics of raindrop size and quantity, has been widely used in the fine evaluation and analysis of raindrop changes in different weather conditions and types. The study utilized raindrop spectrum observation data from 2019 to 2022 in the Shaanxi Province. We have analyzed the overall characteristics of precipitation under the influence of five weather circulations, the drop spectra characteristics of rainstorm and non-rainstorm processes, and the drop spectra characteristics of convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation. The results indicate that the contribution of precipitation with rainfall rate>5mm h-1 to the total rainfall of the process varies significantly among different circulation systems. The main reason for this situation is the difference in the number concentration and contribution of raindrops in each diameter intervals. For example, the southwest airflow type is often characterized by stable precipitation formed by long-term high concentration small raindrops, while the northwest airflow type is characterized by strong precipitation formed by short-term high concentration large raindrops. The characteristics difference of drop spectrum between different circulation rainstorm and non-rainstorm further increase, and heavy rainfall have a significant promoting effect on raindrop spectral parameters. From the variation of number concentration with diameter, the number proportion and diameter spectral width of convective precipitation raindrops with rainfall rate>5mm h-1 in the rainstorm are generally higher than those of non-rainstorm. The distribution range and magnitude of Dm-Nw between convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation are nearly similar, with differences in the location of mean and high value areas. Compared with similar regions such as Zhaosu, Zhuhai, and Palau Island, most of convective precipitation in Shaanxi tends to have oceanic convective precipitation characteristics. A few continental convective precipitation occur in flat straight airflow weather or northwest airflow weather. Based on the above analysis, this study differs from the traditional Z-R empirical relationship and optimizes the fitting of Z-R precipitation estimation equations for various circulation precipitation based on raindrop spectra, which helps to improve the accuracy of radar precipitation estimation in different weather scenarios in the local area in Shaanxi.