In recent years, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate keep increasing significantly, particularly in China (Yin et al., 2023b), which poses more and more threats to the social-economic and life security. Chinese scientists are also paying more and more attention to the extreme climate in China and East Asia. In contrast, although the middle and high latitudes of Asia are also highly sensitive to climate change, they have received relatively little attention, which may be due to the relative lack of climatic data, or may be related to the low population and economic and social development in the high latitudes of Asia (especially Siberia). In fact, with the deepening of the research on the amplification effect of the Arctic warming, it is extremely necessary to carry out the research on the impact of climate change and extreme climate in the middle and high latitudes of Asia, and extend our research concern from East Asia to the north. There are many key scientific issues to be investigated, especially the processes, mechanisms and predictability of climate extremes in the region, their impact on ecosystems, and their future evolution. Therefore, the Geoscience Division of the National Natural Science Foundation of China supported this research as a major project on a merit-based selection (the project implementation period is 2020-2024). In this paper, the author briefly introduced the framework of the project and some preliminary research progresses.