By using the field data during the “Oasis System Energy and Water Cycle Field Experiment” in the surface layer over Dingxin Gobi in Jinta County of Jiuquan, Gansu Province, the characteristics of micrometeorological and energy budget are studied. Following conclusions are obtained based on the studies. The seasonal variation of wind velocity is weak with its average value being between 2 m/s and 6 m/s in four seasons, and there is no obvious effect of local wind, so the local circulation and local interaction can be ignored. The vertical gradient of specific humidity decreases with height above 8 m in winter. However, it changes little in other seasons and expresses an isentropic distribution. The peak values of sensible heat flux and soil heat flux reach 574 W/m2 and 101 W/m2, respectively, and the latent heat flux is very small in the typical clear-sky day of July. But for the heat exchange processes between land and air in rainy days, the latent heat flux is great, the sensible heat flux is small, and the soil heat flux is negative. There is a phenomenon of negative water-vapor transfer in the afternoon and at night. The surface and shallow-layer (5 cm and 10 cm) soil temperatures present accurate sine curve changes regardless of clear-sky days and overcast days. The soil temperature active layer is in the 10 cm scope, and there are no diurnal variation characteristics below 40 cm, which is the same as Dunhuang Gobi. The surface and shallow-layer soil temperatures have the tendency of reducing with time under the precipitation weathers. Each component of surface energy balance shows obvious seasonal variation. The peak value of sensible heat flux reaches 250－400 W/m2 on the average, and it is biggest in summer and smallest in winter. The seasonal mean maximum of latent heat flux is less than 15 W/m2. So the primary component of heat exchange processes between land and air is sensible heat in a whole year. The cloud and precipitation cause about 25% disturbances to each component of energy balance in the studied area, which is slightly higher than that in Dunhuang Gobi and much lower than that in the loess plateau of middle Gansu Province. Furthermore, the arid situation is very serious in this region, the peak value of Bowen ratio is 62.4 and the seasonal mean value is 16.5 in summer.