On the basis of the monthly precipitation data during 1982－2001 collected from 624 observational stations in China, normalized difference vegetation index (GIMMS NDVI) and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the authors analyzed the relationship between the preceding winter vegetation variation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and spring precipitation in China. As a result, there are obvious connections between the spring precipitation fluctuation in China and the preceding winter vegetation variation over the TP. When the preceding winter NDVI is high, the precipitation in Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi provinces and from the north areas of the Yangtze River valley to Northeast China tends to be less, especially the precipitation over the areas from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River reduced more than 40 mm. The precipitation in the Jianghan and Dongting Lake plains and the Poyang Lake plain tends to be more. The correlation coefficient between the preceding winter NDVI over the TP and spring precipitation over the east monsoon areas of China presents the “－＋－” distribution. The analysis of the time－space cross sections of precipitation averaged over 100°E－130°E for high and low preceding winter NDVI years and their difference shows the similar features. The authors also analyzed the differences of spring sea level pressure field, 850-hPa wind field, 500-hPa geopotential height field and 700-hPa vertical velocity field between high and low preceding winter NDVI years. The results show that the winter NDVI over the TP can change the Asian and western Pacific atmospheric circulation distributions, then affects the onset and advance/retreat of winter and summer monsoon, and finally lead to the spring precipitation change in China.