The possible linkage of the spring snowmelt anomalies over the Eurasian continent and the summer temperature in northeastern China and its related physical mechanism were investigated on the basis of monthly snow water equivalent data during the period of 1979-2007 provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data as well as the daily temperature observations over 743 stations in China. Results show that cold summers tend to occur when snowmelt in the Eurasian continent is greater in the west than that in the east. The decreases of the spring snowmelt amount in the eastern region will lead to more surplus snow in the following summer. More snowmelt accompanied with more absorption heat and increased soil moisture in summer result in lower temperatures as well as decreased geopotential height, which strengthens the long wave rough at 500 hPa and the northern wind behind the trough over eastern Eurasia. As a result, cold air flow from the polar region easily invades the mid-high latitudes of East Asia, eventually leading to low temperatures in summer over northeastern China.