Effects of mineral dust aerosol on marine ecosystem and impacts of bioaerosol on human health, their climatic and environmental effects are a hot issue in the study of atmospheric aerosols in recent years. There is a strong connection between dust aerosol and bioaerosol. Dust can be used as a carrier of airborne microorganisms. The formation and emission of bioaerosol over ocean can be affected by mineral dust deposited into the marine ecosystem. This paper reviews the researches of the impacts of mineral dust aerosol on marine ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean and the research history and climatic effects of bioaerosol, especially the works of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences over more than ten years.