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西安地区气温的年代际变化及其受城市化进程的影响
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Interdecadal Variation of the Temperature and the Impact of Urban Growth on the Temperature in Xi'an Region
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    摘要:

    利用西安及周边14个观测站1966~2005年冬季(12~2月)、夏季(6~8月)平均气温及城市化信息的相关统计资料,以各站与14站区域平均气温的差值(空间距平值)反映城市热岛空间分布,以城区站与区域平均气温的差值代表城市影响程度,探讨了城市影响及城市化指数在气温突变和热岛效应中的作用。分析结果表明:1)冬夏季,近城区、平原区、浅塬山区与整个区域平均气温变化一致,表现为大尺度的气候变化特征,而城区和全区变化同步性差,呈现小尺度气候变化特征。2)冬季全区在1977年发生增温突变,这次突变以自然增温为主,与全国(1980年)突变时间基本同步,但略显偏早,比西北区(1984年)偏早7年。夏季全区在1988年发生第一次气温突变增温,比西北区(1993年)偏早5年,偏早原因可能是地形和城市化共同作用。3)冬、夏季平均热岛强度分别为0.65 ℃、0.46 ℃,具有典型性。4)城区冬季突变点(1989年)后西安城区的平均气温增加1.3 ℃,城市影响在气温突变中贡献了0.35 ℃。夏季突变点(1987年)后平均气温增加了0.4 ℃,城市影响贡献增温0.39 ℃,夏季气温突变可能主要是由城市影响造成的。5)城市房屋竣工面积、市区总人口、公共汽车数量等城市化指数与气温空间距平之间有着较为密切的正线性相关关系。城市化是城区在冬季1989~1995年、夏季1987~1995年间频繁发生突变式增温的主要因素。

    Abstract:

    The impact of urban growth on the temperature jump and the heat island in Xian region, China, has been investigated using temperature data measured at 14 observation stations from 1966 to 2005. The urban impact was stood for by the difference of average temperature between urban and suburban areas. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) In summer and winter, the temperature temporal variation characteristics over suburbs,plain area,hill,are conformance with the regional average temperature,and represents the large scale climate characteristics,but small scale cimate variation characteristics are represented in urban region which is different with the areas mentioned above. But, there are different phases in the longterm change of the urban and regional average temperature, which has smallscale climate feature. 2) Xian region had a temperature increasing jump mainly with natural increase in the winter of 1977, somewhat earlier than the whole China, seven years earlier than Northwest China.The first summer temperature increasing jump appeared in 1988, five years earlier than Northwest China. 3) The effect of urban heat island was stronger in winter (0.65 ℃) than in summer (0.46 ℃). 4) In winter the average temperature increased 1.3 ℃ after the temperature jump in 1989, and the urban impact accounts for 0.35 ℃; In summer, the average temperature increased 0.4 ℃ after the temperature jump in 1987, and the urban impact accounts for 0.39 ℃. It indicates that the urban impact plays an important role in the temperature increase in summer. 5)The urbanization index, such as building proportion,the population of urban area and the quantity of the buses, and the variation of temperature are closely correlated. It can be concluded that the urbanization is the main reason for the temperature increase during the winters from 1989 to 1995, and the summers from 1987 to 1995.

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王建鹏,孙继松,杜继稳,张弦,薛春芳,高维英.2009.西安地区气温的年代际变化及其受城市化进程的影响[J].气候与环境研究,14(4):434-444. Wang Jianpeng, Liu Jisong, Du Jiwen, Zhang Xuan, Xue Chunfang, Gao Weiying.2009. Interdecadal Variation of the Temperature and the Impact of Urban Growth on the Temperature in Xi'an Region[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese],14(4):434-444.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2011-12-15
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