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中国东部夏季持续强降水发生的主要环流模态和水汽输送研究
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国家自然科学基金项目41375055,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2012CB417205


Circulation Pattern and Moisture Transport for Summertime Persistent Heavy Precipitation in Eastern China
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    摘要:

    利用1957~2011年我国502个测站逐日降水资料,定义区域平均降水量连续5 d超过1个标准差为1次区域性持续强降水,分析了我国东部(105°E以东)长江流域、华北和东北地区夏季(6~8月)的强降水,共得到74个个例,并探讨了造成长江流域和华北地区持续性强降水的主要环流与水汽输送模态。结果表明,中高纬出现阻塞形势是造成我国东部夏季区域性持续强降水的主要环流型,占比86%。其中影响长江流域强降水的主要阻塞形势为中阻型(贝加尔湖为高压脊)和双阻型(乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海同时出现高压脊);影响华北地区强降水的主要阻塞形势为中阻型。同时,必须建立一条自热带海洋至降雨区的水汽通道,长江流域强降水的水汽通道为印度洋-孟加拉湾-南海;对于华北地区,除此水汽通道外,西北太平洋水汽输送也是一个重要水汽来源。长江流域强降水的异常水汽输送在菲律宾北部出现反气旋中心,导致从南海有异常水汽输送并在长江流域辐合,这一反气旋中心对应500 hPa上西太平洋副热带高压的加强;华北地区强降水的异常水汽输送在渤海-朝鲜半岛出现反气旋中心,异常水汽来自南海和西北太平洋。渤海-朝鲜半岛在500 hPa出现正高度异常对维持华北地区持续降水有重要作用。深厚的上升运动或低层辐合高层辐散是华北与长江流域持续强降水发生的共同特点。中阻型和双阻型的长江流域强降水在水汽输送上没有明显差异,而是动力上升条件的分布差异决定了雨带主要位置的不同。

    Abstract:

    Based on daily precipitation data collected at 502 gauge stations in China during 1957-2011, regional-persistent heavy precipitation is defined to be the precipitation with regional mean precipitation larger than one standard deviation for five consecutive days. In total there are 74 regional-persistent heavy precipitation events in the Yangtze River basin, North China, and Northeast China in the summer (June to August). The main circulation pattern and moisture transport corresponding to the regional-persistent heavy precipitation events in the Yangtze River basin and North China are analyzed. The results show that the blocking high in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia is the main circulation pattern for the regional-persistent heavy precipitation. The blocking high in the 500-hPa geopotential height field appeared in 86% of the heavy precipitation events. The main blocking patterns for heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin are central-blocking (there is a ridge near the Baikal Lake) and double-blocking (there are ridges near the Ural Mountains and the Okhotsk Sea at the same time). For heavy precipitation in North China, the main circulation pattern is central-blocking. The moisture transport from the tropical ocean to the regions of heavy precipitation is vital. For the Yangtze River basin, the moisture is largely from the Indian Ocean-Bay of Bangal-South China Sea. For North China, in addition to the moisture transport from the Indian Ocean-Bay of Bangal-South China Sea, moisture from the western North Pacific is also important. There is an anticyclonic center in the region to the north of the Philippines, which is favorable for abnormal moisture transport from the South China Sea to the Yangtze River basin. Corresponding to the anticyclonic center, the western North Pacific subtropical high at the 500 hPa strengthens. For the heavy precipitation in North China, the anticyclonic center favorable for abnormal moisture transport is located at the Bohai Sea-Korean Peninsula, and more moisture is pulled from the South China Sea and the western North Pacific. The positive geopotential height anomalies in the Bohai Sea-Korean Peninsula at 500 hPa are important for persistent heavy precipitation in North China. One common feature for the heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin and North China is the deep upward movement or divergence at upper levels and convergence at lower levels. There is no obvious difference in the moisture transport between central-blocking and double-blocking circulation patterns for heavy precipitation over the Yangtze River basin. However, the difference in upward movement determines the difference in precipitation location.

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王小玲,丁一汇,张庆云.2017.中国东部夏季持续强降水发生的主要环流模态和水汽输送研究[J].气候与环境研究,22(2):221-230. WANG Xiaoling, DING Yihui, ZHANG Qingyun.2017. Circulation Pattern and Moisture Transport for Summertime Persistent Heavy Precipitation in Eastern China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese],22(2):221-230.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-15
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-03-27
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