As an important background of month-seasonal and interannual climate variations, interdecadal climate variation often affects climate features with interannual and month-seasonal time scales. Along with the development and progress of science and the rise of social requirement, interdecadal climate variability has become an important issue that has attracted more attentions. As one of important contents on climate dynamics and climate foreshadow, research has been launched vigorously in the world. Some research achievements have been published. In this paper, we will focus on systematic and comprehensive discussion on possible mechanisms of interdecadal climate variability. The major contents include:Influences of main patterns of ocean temperature in the global; influences of interdecadal variation of climate system relationship; influences of interdecadal variation of the atmospheric system on the planetary scale; and impacts of solar activities and volcano eruptions. As we know, studies on interdecadal climate variability are important, but the dynamic mechanism of interdecadal climate variability is so complicated. There are more problems that still remain unsolved and need further in-depth study. We believe that further in-depth research achievements will be able to provide reliable scientific basis for the foreshadow of interdecadal climate variation, promote professional work of interdecadal climate variation forecast and improve the forecasting capability.